The Diabetic population, estimated in 200 million, is expected to grow to 360 million in 2030, according to World Health Organization. The same source states that Diabetic Retinopathy, a complication derived from Diabetes is responsible for 4.8% of the 37 million cases of blindness throughout the world!
You can learn more about Diabetic Retinopathy here.

José Cunha-Vaz M.D., Ph.D.
President of AIBILI, former Chairman of Department of Ophthalmology, University of Coimbra. He is the President of the European Society of Retina Specialists, Board member of the European Vision Institute and coordinator of the European Network of Clinical trial Centres of Ophthalmology. Cunha-Vaz has made significant contributions towards the advancement of clinical and laboratorial research in the Retina field. He has published 44 book chapters and 407 scientific research papers. Throughout his career Cunha-Vaz has received many national awards such as the Order of Merit of Public Instruction in 1993 and the Order of Henry the Navigator in 2007 and international awards such as the Helmholtz Gold Medal of the European Society of Ophthalmology.
Rui Bernardes, Ph.D.
Coordinator of the "Image Processing, Functional Imaging and phenotyping of Complex Diseases" research department at IBILI, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra. Teaching Assistant of BioPhysics&Biomathematics at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra. Director of the Centre of New Technologies for Medicine at AIBILI. Bernardes has 30 scientific publications and 1 Patent.

Conceição Lobo, M.D., Ph.D.
Investigator at AIBILI since 1993, she has participated in several clinical research projects and clinical trials in diabetic retinopathy and cataract surgery. Her present areas of interest are characterization of phenotypes in diabetic retinopathy, evaluation of quality of vision after cataract surgery and characterization of macular edema. Conceição is responsible for the Cataract and Implant-Refractive Surgery Section in the University Hospital of Coimbra. Since 2002 she has been Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology at the Coimbra Faculty of Medicine. Conceição has published over 40 peer-reviewed journal articles.
Sandrina Gonçalves Nunes, MSc
Coordinator of the data statistical treatment at CNTM (Centre of New Technologies for Medicine), AIBILI. Sandrina has been involved in several scientific publications in the field of Diabetic Retinopathy as well as some public presentations in the same field.
AIBILI has been presenting research related to RetmarkerDR and RetmarkerC underlying concept at important scientific forums and publications:
EVER - European Association for Vision and Eye Research
EMBEC - European Medical and Biological Engineering Conference
ISIE - International Society for Imaging in the Eye
ARVO - The Association for Research in Vision and ophthalmology
Most Relevant Publications:
Bernardes R, Nunes S, Pereira I, Torrent T, Rosa A, Coelho D, Cunha-Vaz J, "Computer-Assisted Microaneurysm Turnover in the Early Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy", Ophthalmologica 2009;223; 284–291
Nunes S, Pires I, Rosa A, Duarte L, Bernardes R, Cunha-Vaz J, "Microaneurysm Turnover Is a Biomarker for Diabetic Retinopathy Progression to Clinically Significant Macular Edema: Findings for Type 2 Diabetics with Nonproliferative Retinopathy", Ophthalmologica 2009;223:292–297
Bernardes R, Ferreira J, Baptista P, Cunha-Vaz J, "Earmarking in a Sequence of Digital Color Fundus Photographs", The 3rd European Medical and Biological Engineering Conference (EMBEC'05), November 20 – 25, 2005, Prague, Czech Republic, ISSN: 1727-1983
Lobo C, Bernardes R, Figueira J, Abreu J, Cunha-Vaz J, "Three-Year Follow-up Study of Blood-Retinal Barrier and Retinal Thickness Alterations in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Mild Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy", Arch Ophthalmol, February 1, 2004; 122(2): 211 - 217

The following articles were taken into consideration while developing Retmarker products. If you would like to know more about the research behind Retmarker concept, please take a look to the following publications.
[AAO, 2008] American Academy of Ophthalmology Retina Panel. Preferred Practice Pattern© Guidelines. Diabetic Retinopathy. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2008. Available at: http://www.aao.org/ppp
[Aiello, 1998] Aiello L, Gardner T, King G, Blankenship G, Cavallerano J, Ferris F, Klein R, "Diabetic Retinopathy", Diabetes Care, 1998, volume 21, number 1, 143-156
[Csaky, 2008] Csaky K, Richman E, Ferris F, "Report from the NEI/FDA Ophthalmic Clinical Trial Design and Endpoints Symposium", Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 2008; volume 49; number 2, 479-489
[Hellstedt, 1996] Hellstedt T, Immonen I, "Disappearance and formation rates of microaneurysms in early Diabetic Retinopathy", British Journal of Ophthalmology 1996; 80:135-139
[Klein R, 1995] Klein R, Klein B, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ, "The Wisconsin epidemiology study of Diabetic Retinopathy. XV: The long-term incidence of macular edema", Ophthalmology 1995; 102: 7-16

[Klein, 1995] Klein R, Meuer SM, Moss SE, Klein BE, "Retinal microaneurysm counts and 10-year progression of Diabetic Retinopathy", Arch Ophthalmol 1995; 113: 1386-1391
[Kohner, 1999] Kohner EM, Stratton IM, Aldington SJ, Turner RC, Matthews DR, for the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group, "Microaneurysms in the development of diabetic retinopathy", Diabetologia 1999; 42; 1107-1112
[Mohamed, 2007] Mohamed Q, Gillies M, Wong T, "Management of Diabetic Retinopathy", JAMA, 2007, volume 298, number 8, 902-916
[Wild, 2004] Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H, "Global Prevalence of Diabetes – Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030", Diabetes Care, 2004, Volume 27, Number 5, 1047-1053
[Wilkinson, 2003] Wilkinson C, Ferris F, Klein R, Lee P, Agardh C, Davis M, Dills D, Kampik A, Pararajasegaram R, Verdaguer J and Global Diabetic Retinopathy Project Group, "Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales", Ophthalmology, 2003, Volume 110, Number 9,1677-1682
[WHO, 2005] "Prevention of Blindness from diabetes mellitus", Report of a WHO consultation in Geneva, Switzerland, 9-11 November, 2005
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